Relationship Between Police Intervention And Juvenile...

Stephanie A. Wiley and Finn-Aage Esbensen’s article (2016) research the relationship between police intervention and juvenile delinquency and what polices are ideal for deterring deviance amplification. There are two main theories that initiate America’s juvenile justice system: labeling and deterrence. Essentially, labeling proponents believe that official intervention increases delinquency and, oppositely, deterrence theorists argue that it cracks down on deviancy. Wiley et al. (2016:283) want to â€Å"inform this debate by examining the effect of being stopped or arrested on subsequent delinquent behavior and attitudes†. They hypothesize their results to reflect labeling theorists because delinquency will increase from police contact and†¦show more content†¦Within these, there were 4.905 students in 195 classrooms and 77.9% (3,820) achieved parent consent, 78% (2,972) finished all three waves of data, and method deletion cut it down to the final 2,61 4 students. Wiley et al. initiated four dependent variables—anticipated guilt, neutralization, negative peer commitment, and delinquency frequency--one treatment variable--police contact--and covariate variables—demographics, controls, and risk factors. Furthermore, they used â€Å"propensity score matching to determine whether being stopped or arrested affects subsequent attitudes and behavior† (Wiley et al. 2016: 293). A double-edged sword, the psmatch 2 module for Stata 12.0 decreased the likelihood of poor matches, but dropped over 300 cases that failed to meet within the parameters. The results effectively confirm labeling theorist’s proposition that police intervention furthers, instead of deters, deviance. First, Wiley et al. achieved covariable balance on all the variables. Through their methods, they found that â€Å"arrest is associated with less anticipated guilt, greater acceptance of neutralization techniques, greater negative peer commitment, and more delinquency† (Wiley et al. 2016: 297). Before the results were matched, there were twenty-three more delinquent acts for juveniles who were contacted by police instead of not. Even so, afterShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase-doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subjec t to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in whichRead MoreCauses Of Juvenile Delinquency. Authors John Hagan And1601 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Juvenile Delinquency Authors John Hagan and Bill McCarthy of Cambridge University offer an insight between the relationship between juveniles and their participation to criminal activities. According to them, the primary theories they employed in understanding the dynamics of youth taking to the street are control theory and strain theory (Benjamin, 1999). Through control theory, the authors point out erratic parenting, family deprivation, neglect and abuse and other forms of parental rejectionRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A State Level System Of Juvenile Correctional Facilities1597 Words   |  7 Pagessystem, about 1 million juveniles under the age of 18 are arrested each year. While violent crimes by juveniles are decreasing, the female juvenile population has grown tremendously. Both girls and boys who are in the juvenile system usually have problems at home and school that have put them at risk for delinquency. This includes maltreatment, poverty or both, and these factors may have a nega tive impact on their adjustment to adulthood. In the state of Connecticut, the juvenile justice system is aRead MoreThe Program Being Implemented Is A Mentoring Program Based Off Of The Successful Model Of Big Brothers Big Sisters1472 Words   |  6 Pagesin order for success. Mentoring has proven to be effective in treating crime and delinquency in multiple crime/offense types. Add to that as well the promising results in regard to drugs and substance abuse, educational improvements, and mental health and behavioral health involved with psychological functioning. In all, this gives credence to a program based on mentoring and using it to treat at-risk youth between the ages of 6 and 18. Setting up this program requires a community partner in orderRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Labeling Theory2511 Words   |  11 Pages Juvenile Delinquency and Labeling Theory Kallie Maglione St. John’s University CRM 119 Juvenile Delinquency Dr. Marquis R. White October 23, 2014 Bartusch, D. J., Matsueda, R. L. (1996). Gender, reflected appraisals, and labeling: A cross-group test of an interactionist theory of delinquency. Social Forces, 75(1), 145. Focuses mainly on interactionist theory but uses labeling theory as a type of interaction that affects delinquency. Labeling specifically in relation toRead MoreFamily Risk Factors For Antisocial Behavior Among Young People901 Words   |  4 PagesOJJDP identified several risk factors related to the family who have an established relationship with juvenile delinquency, including factors such as antisocial parents, poor family management practices, child abuse, low levels of parental involvement, and separation between parents and children (Hawkins et al., 2000). Risk factors related to the family, with perhaps the strongest predictive utility for juvenile antisocial behavior are domestic violence. Young people who are exposed to domestic violenceRead MoreJuvenile Crimes1247 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile crime is a growing problem that endangers virtually every American. Juvenile delinquency is enormously damaging to the health and well-being of the nations families and communities. A juvenile crime can consist of DUI, robbery, rape, minor in possession, weapon in possession anything an adult can be charged with. Individuals under the age of eighteen who commit these crimes can be charged as a juvenile delinquent. Statistics show that most juveniles that commit crimes are in a gang; weatherRead MoreCrj/301full Course All Dqs and Assignments/ (Juvenile Justice)3191 Words   |  13 PagesCRJ/301Full Course All DQs and Assignments/ (Juvenile Justice) Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/crj-301-ashford/crj301full-course-all-dqs-and-assignments-juvenile-justice/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com CRJ 301 (Juvenile Justice) Complete Class All DQs and Assignments CRJ 301 Week 1 DQ1 Juvenile Justice – Putting it in Perspective. In Chapter 1 of the text, our author talks about â€Å"putting it all into perspective.† After reading chapters 1 and 2 and reviewing the videoRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreEssay Juvenile Delinquency5272 Words   |  22 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Amy Cowan CRJ 422 Prof. Angela Hermosillo November 15, 2010 Juvenile Delinquency Introduction Can we as a society truly reduce the rate of juvenile crime and violence? â€Å"Throughout all time there has been delinquency. It may not have had the delinquency label, but it still existed. Juvenile crime is mentioned as far back as ancient Sumeria and Hammurabi, where laws concerning juvenile offenders first appear in written

Andy Warhol vs. James Gill - 2638 Words

Misty Gifford Instructor Tim Harding American Art History 21 May 2013 Andy Warhol vs. James Gill The following paper will compare and contrast the works of Andy Warhol and James F. Gill. I will begin by discussing Mao Tse-Tung No. 91 by Andy Warhol. This is a silk-screen portrait of the communist Chinese leader Mao Tse-Tung. It is a simple forward facing portrait from the shoulders up, created with garish colors. Artist: Andy Warhol Title: Mao Tse-Tung No. 91, 1972 Size: 36† x 36† Medium: Screen print on Beckett High White Paper In this work, Andy Warhol used very saturated colors to create a bold image that stands out from the norms of art. The colors on his pallet for this particular work are yellow, blue-violet, and†¦show more content†¦The blue and orange are complimentary to one another, and blue-green is a tertiary color. These pigments agree with one another. The way that they are placed on the canvas makes it easy for the eye to travel. The arrangement on the canvas begins at the top and works its way to the bottom. Much like the choice in color, the arrangement also assists in helping the eye to travel across the entire work of art. When James Francis Gill was first recognized in 1962 at The Felix Landau Gallery in L.A., he did so by walking into the gallery unannounced with a series of paintings under his arm titled â€Å"Women in Cars†. (Galerie Michael) In these earlier works, Gill illustrated upper class women who always wore their sunglasses stepping out of their cars. I t bewildered him that you could never see their eyes; therefore, he chose to do a series about it. (James Gill Full Circle) Candy Apple Chick II I believe is accompanied by this earlier idea of Gill’s, although the triple portrait of the woman does not have on sunglasses. This to me represents some sort of awakening. It almost says to me, â€Å"I don’t have to hide; now I can see the light.† In a very seductive manner, the woman’s leg is stepping out of the car. She wears a black stiletto, and you can see where the top of her panty hose ends. If you were to put sunglasses on this woman, it would seem that she was hiding a secret or maybe just wanted to appear mysterious. Then instead of a woman’s face with eyesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesmultiple exposures * alvon langdon coburn (1882-1966) used strong kaleidoscope patterns * man ray (1890-1976) used darkroom manipulation and strange studio setups to create his photographs CHAPTER 14 - PICTORIAL MODERNISM * beggarstaff brothers: james pryde and william nicholson * opened an advertising agency in 1894 * created a new technique called collage * individual pieces were cut out and moved around to create their desired look - resulting in flat panes of colour kassama corn flour *

Essay on Compare and Contrast Christianity and Islam

cathy Smith Intro to World religions 2/17/2009 Compare and Contrast: Christianity and Islam Introduction Although Christianity and Islam have been and are dominating the scene it is necessary to place both in their proper perspective taking into account human history of faith in the supernatural or something beyond our five senses. Side by side with this awe mixed fear of the unknown is the feeling of being cocksure and confident of one’ own power. It is the same of the caveman as of the politicians and financiers strutting around Wall Street and Washington. When this feeling of being sure is coupled with a belief, then ‘ism’ is born. This ism can be anything from belief in money-power to mass-power or god-power.†¦show more content†¦The Bible says, â€Å"An hour is coming, in which all who are in the tombs will hear His voice. And will come forth; those who did the good deeds to a resurrection of life, those who committed the evil deed to a resurrection of judgment† (John 5:28-29). Thus in the Bible there is difference in groups but not in timing. Azad Rauf, a practicing Imam interviewed through telephone believes that Islam too contributes to this opinion. Resurrection will not be confined to the distinguished only but would be for all humanity – good or bad. On that day however there will be separation when the righteous will be sifted from the wicked. The Bible emphasizes on this separation – some will be imperishable, others glorified, made powerful while selected ones will get a spiritual body –as stated in Corinthians 15. The wicked too will be resurrected. This faith is shared by Islam. The basic tenet is that man is immortal – this life is but a short span of existence as such. Some Christian schools say that the wicked will undergo eternal suffering. But objections have been raised about eternal punishment for small sins. How can the just God mandate such a ruling? Muslims say that few will undergo this eternal suffering but ult imately move towards heaven or God. Some Christians are of the view that the wicked ones will experience a second death – it means following resurrection these bad characters will die onceShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam921 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam In Wikipedia religion is definedâ€Å"A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to an order of existence.† There are approximately more than four thousand religion in the world. Christianity and Islam are part of the major significant religion. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2,000 years ago; Christianity is one of the most influential religions in world history. ChristianityRead MoreCompare And Contrast Christianity And Islam1031 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity and Islam are wide spread religions which impact the lives of believers spiritually. Both religions have had substantial impact on the course of history and have formed the basis of many countries laws and are highly recognized by governments. Though Christianity is more widely known, they both pose the same challenges to each other. Considering the similarities and differences of Christianity and Islam, it can be said they are both very different. Comparing the two religions, isRead More Compare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Human beings have always been curious about the meaning and purpose of life. Religions try to answer the curiosity people have about there being a higher source, typically identifying this greater domination as God. Some beliefs teach that there is only one G-d this is defined as a monotheistic religion. Some examples of monotheistic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Although each sect has a different perspective on teachingsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism655 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Christianity, Islam and Judaism are all religions that grew from the same central idea of one divine god named Abraham in the general time zone of 2500 BC, and in the holy city of Jerusalem, they are all very different from each other. Christianity, Islam and Judaism are all similar religions in some ways but are also very different from each other in other ways. The religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism are all similar because of a few very distinct reasons. The biggest reason thatRead MoreIslam vs. Christianity; compare and contrast two ancient religions2705 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween Islam and Christianity, both religions are significant in todays society, which is reflected in the grand number of followers each has amassed. I. Similarities between Islam and Christianity A. The messenger angel Gabriel B. Message delivered of one God C. Creation and Judgment D. Concept of Forgiveness E. Basic Rules of Guidance 1. Islam: Five Pillars 2. Christianity: Ten Commandments F. Book Religion 1. Islam: Koran 2. Christianity: Bible II. Differences between Islam and ChristianityRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Christianity944 Words   |  4 Pages# 01 Religion 101 Islam and Christianity are wide spread religions in the world. Contrast based on five pillars of Islam and Christianity rituals. In this paper I will explain their differences and similarities based on Prothero and Paden, using paradigms â€Å"rituals†. The concept of rituals are more important in understanding religion. Prothero admits that Christianity is the great religion in the world this is not mean that Islam is not popular religion in fact he compare Islam with fast growing religionRead MoreEssay about The Differences Between Islam and Christianity640 Words   |  3 PagesDifferences Between Islam and Christianity On the surface, Islam and Christianity appear to have very little in common, however, as you get deeper into areas such as rituals, beliefs, ethics, founders, and sacred objects, the two show strong mutual similarities, particularly in the fundamental areas, while being totally different. In this essay I will compare and contrast many of the facets that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. The word Islam means surrenderRead MoreIslam vs. Christianity Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesOn the surface, Islam and Christianity appear to have very little in common, however, as you get deeper into areas such as rituals, beliefs, ethics, founders, and sacred objects, the two show strong mutual similarities, particularly in the fundamental areas, while being totally different. In this essay I will compare and contrast many of the facets that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. Read MoreThe World Views Of Islam And Christianity1115 Words   |  5 PagesIslam and Christianity This term we have covered a reasonable amount of materials based on the different types of religions in the world. There are many religions that have strong views and principles, and in order to understand them we must have an open mind and a true understanding of their beliefs. For the purpose of this essay, I will focus on the world views of Islam and compare it to Christianity. Part I Islam is a traditional monotheistic religion that urbanized in the Middle East, CommonRead MoreCompare Contrast Religion Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesComparisons and Contrasts between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Between the religions of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, there are many similarities and differences that are dealt within each of them. Throughout these religions, we can compare and contrast different aspects of each religion such as some of the basic facts of their histories and some of the religious beliefs each of them have in common and or make them different from each other. In the country known as Palestine, the religions

Analysis Business Ethics Of Dilemma Of Michael †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Business Ethics Of Dilemma Of Michael. Answer: Introduction Business ethics relates to the detailed study of right business practices and policies that are essential to take care of controversial issues like insider trading, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and many more. Business ethics plays an important role in every business. The ethics related to a business establishes a certain level of trust between the employees of an organization. This practice in a business ensures the fact that everyone receives similar and fair treatment. The business ethics of an organization helps in distinguishing between right and wrong that is done within an organization (Avakian and Roberts 2012). The aim of the business should fair dealing with everyone, the ethics should always be same for all employees working in any level in the organization, remedial measures should be taken if violation in ethics is detected, guidelines need to be provided regarding the business ethics, the perception of right and wrong should be the basis of the ethics (Brenkert and Beauchamp 2012). The importance of business ethics lies on many factors, Satisfying the needs of the employees and people related to the business. The ethics set by the business helps in creating its credibility among the employees. The correct utilization of the resources, that is, the employees of the organization is based on the business ethics. The decision making process of themanagement is effected and improved with the help of the business ethics. The organizations which have correct values and ethics prove to be profitable in the long term basis. The ethics of the business helps in safeguarding the interests of the employees in the organization and the society at large. About the case study The case study is about a person named Michael Vasquez who is working as the product manager in a technology start-up company. He loved his job and the risks and challenges related to it. However, on a certain afternoon his boss showed him some documents which he had obtained from the server of the companys competitor. The documents were confidential. Michaels boss tried to convince him by saying he had obtained these documents from a colleague and he had not breached any password. Michael is now in a dilemma whether to use these documents or not. He has do decide whether to use this information for his companys welfare or not (DesJardins and McCall 2014). Ethical issues in the case scenario The ethical issues related to this case study is, that the information that has been obtained by Michaels boss is totally confidential to the other organization. The usage of this information for the profit of Michaels company is not right at all. This can provide a lot of gain to the company, but the way in which this profit is gained, is unethical. This proves that the company does not have the potential to work on its own strengths. The company is using the confidential information of another company to generate their own profits (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). Actions to be taken by Michael based on two ethical theories The two ethical theories based on which Michael can take an action about the scenario are Utilitarianism and Justice. The theory of utilitarianism states that any actions taken by an individual is decided to be right or wrong on the basis of the consequences of these actions and the effects that they have on the bulk of people related to a business. Michael can use this approach to take his decision because with the help of this he can judge that whether the decision of using the confidential data of another company will have a negative impact on the reputation of his company and this in turn will affect the people working in the organization. The organization will be affected negatively because of fraud and the employees of the organization will also suffer (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). The theory of Justice states the importance of the fairness level of the treatments given to each and every individual in the organization and to its competitors as well. The action taken by Michaels boss is highly unfair for the organization whose private data has been stolen. In this manner the company is trying to gain from the weakness of others rather than its own strengths. Judging the beliefs of the boss to be ethical or unethical Michaels boss has collected data related to pricing strategies, plans related to products, partnership agreements and many other documents. These documents and the information contained in them are always confidential to a particular company. Michaels boss aims to earn profits and develop the company based on the strategies and plans developed by its closest competitor. This proves that the company itself does not have the ability to form its own strategies and plans to generate profits for themselves (Jennings 2014). This step may help them to earn profits. This is not entirely illegal according to law, but it is highly unethical. The reputation of the company is at stake, because the leakage of this information can lead to a lot of problems for the company. This will affect the lives of the employees related to this business. Although, any type of information is not provided in the companys policies and procedures regarding the problem faced by Michael regarding unethical use of the information, the decision of using this information for the company profits is unethical. The use of this information will give Michaels company an edge over its competitor, however, this step will not be right for the long term goals of the company (Lawrence and Weber 2014). Michaels judgement to blow the whistle A whistle blower refers to that person or employee of an organization who informs other in the organization about any immoral, unethical or illegal practice, so that he can get the help of the majority to bring a change in the practice. Whistle blowing can be of two types. One is internal whistle blowing and the other is external whistle blowing. Internal whistle blowing refers to the process where the whistle blower informs only the employees of the organization about the unethical practice, so that they can together stop themanagement from taking such an action. In situations where the internal whistle blowers are subjected to punishment, the next step that is taken is external whistle blowing (Miceli, Near and Dworkin 2013). In this process the whistle blowers inform the government agencies and other external agencies like the press about the unethical practice in the organization, so that suitable measures can be taken. In this case Michael should blow the whistle internally, so that the unethical step that is about to be taken can be stopped within the organization itself. In this manner, the unethical practice will be stopped and the reputation of the organization will be saved as well. Factors leading to whistle blowing Whistle blowing is effected by the ethics and morals of an individual. The whistle blowers are those employees of the organization who have the capability to think about the welfare of the organization and also its reputation rather than only focussing on its profit generation. The mental strength and motivation to speak up against the organizational practices helps the employees to become whistle blowers. Whistle blowing in an organization requires a lot of courage so that the difficulties related to this task can be overcome. All organizations do not have policies to provide the facilities to the employees to give their feedback. The organizations which are intolerant to the feedback provided by the employees or the internal reporting done by them, deems the whistle blowers to be negative in character (Miceli et al. 2012). They are assumed to be bad team players and also traitors to the organization. Whistle blowing often leads to many negative consequences for the employees. These include gaining negative reputation and job loss. Whistle blowers are an important part of an organization. The organizations which have suitable policies to receive the feedback from the employees and to encourage the whistle blowers prove to be much more successful. The organizations should encourage the whistle blowing activities, so that any type unethical or illegal practices can be stopped (Weiss 2014). Circumstances which lead to whistle blowing Whistle blowing is seen as a debatable practice. According to some people this practice is never justified as the employees have obligations and commitment towards the organization. However, the most basic obligation of an employee should be that he should harm any other individual or any organization (Michaelson et al. 2014). The circumstances in which whistle blowing is justified are as follows, When a policy or a product of a particular organization can harm the society or any other organization. The circumstances when the employee thinks that the harm that is caused to the other individuals related to the organization is against his own morals. The situation in which the immediate senior of the employee does not take any action on the unethical or illegal practices in the organization. When the employee has evidence regarding the unethical practices going on in the organization. The employee has reasons to accept the fact that the step taken by him will have implications or changes in the organization. This will motivate the employee to take the risk of reporting against the unethical practice and bring a change in the organization (Stanwick and Stanwick 2013). The whistle blower can take the decision of reporting about the unethical or illegal practices going on in the organization under these circumstances and bring a change in the organizational policies. Relevance of ethics to a business with reference to the case study Ethics play an important role in the business. The values and morals of an individual affects his ethical decisions in the organization. Every business should have a set of policies and ethics so that every employee of the organization at every level gets fair treatment. The organization should also take fair decisions with respect to other organizations who are its competitors (Wachs 2017). The unethical practices of an organization has a negative impact on the reputation of the organization. Unethical practices can help in achieving short term goals, however, there is a negative impact on the organization in the long term. In this case, Michaels boss is urging him to take an unethical step by asking him to use the confidential information that he has collected from his sources for the profit of his business (Waytz, Dungan and Young 2013). However, this can provide only short term profits to the business. In the long term, the leakage of this news will hurt the reputation of the organization and will destroy the trust of the employees as well as the stakeholders and consumers on the organization. Conclusion The report can be concluded by saying that business ethics is an integral part of the business. Unethical decisions or practices can only lead to the negative impacts in the long term. The whistle blowers play an important role in stopping the unethical practices that are taken by themanagement of the organization. In this case, Michael can act as the whistle blower of the organization and bring a change in the business policies. References Avakian, S. and Roberts, J., 2012. Whistleblowers in organisations: prophets at work?.Journal of Business Ethics,110(1), pp.71-84. Brenkert, G.G. and Beauchamp, T.L. eds., 2012.The Oxford handbook of business ethics. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. Lawrence, A.T. and Weber, J., 2014.Business and society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Miceli, M.P., Near, J.P. and Dworkin, T.M., 2013.Whistle-blowing in organizations. Psychology Press. Miceli, M.P., Near, J.P., Rehg, M.T. and Van Scotter, J.R., 2012. Predicting employee reactions to perceived organizational wrongdoing: Demoralization, justice, proactive personality, and whistle-blowing.Human Relations,65(8), pp.923-954. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Stanwick, P. and Stanwick, S., 2013.Understanding business ethics. Sage. Wachs, M. ed., 2017.Ethics in planning. Routledge. Waytz, A., Dungan, J. and Young, L., 2013. The whistleblower's dilemma and the fairnessloyalty tradeoff.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,49(6), pp.1027-1033. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issuesmanagement approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.